Like it or not, artificial intelligence became a part of everyday life. It may seem like a sudden boom to you, but AI research has actually been going on for decades.

The first formal research in artificial intelligence (AI) is widely considered to have begun with the Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence in 1956. This workshop, organized by John McCarthy and others, is credited with officially launching AI as a field of study. It brought together researchers from diverse fields to explore the possibility of creating machines that could simulate human intelligence. 

The term "artificial intelligence" was coined at this event, and the discussions laid the foundation for future research directions. However, the roots of AI research can be traced back to earlier theoretical work and the development of key concepts. 

But, were we ready for such lightning progress in the last couple of years? Could we foresee all possible ways of use and put them within the framework of legal regulations? Don’t think so! Now we are racing to rein in artificial intelligence.

On August 1, 2024, the European Union’s Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act) officially entered into force. This landmark law is the world’s first comprehensive set of rules designed to ensure that artificial intelligence (AI) is developed and used responsibly across the EU.

Originally proposed in 2021 and approved in late 2023, the AI Act is focused on protecting people’s health, safety, and basic rights, while also making it easier for businesses to understand what’s expected of them when they create or use AI tools.

The law sets up a single, clear set of rules for all EU countries, using a risk-based approach — meaning the stricter the risk to people, the stricter the rules:

• Minimal risk: Everyday AI tools like spam filters or video game features aren’t restricted. However, companies can choose to follow best practices or ethical guidelines voluntarily.
• Transparency risk: AI systems that could confuse users — like chatbots — must clearly state that you’re talking to a machine. Some AI-generated content must also be clearly labelled.
• High risk: Tools that impact important areas like healthcare, job hiring, or education must meet strict safety and quality standards. They need strong oversight, accurate data, and clear communication with users.
• Unacceptable risk: Certain uses of AI — like government or company systems that "score" people’s behaviour or social status — are banned because they violate basic rights.

With the AI Act now in place, Europe is leading the way in setting responsible rules for how AI can be used — helping to protect individuals while supporting innovation.